Effect of LF-microwave hybrid plasma treatment on radish seed germination and sprout growth

Abstract The atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma generated by low-frequency (LF)-microwave hybrid discharge has been employed to investigate the effects of treatment on germination and growth radish ( Raphanus sativus L. ) sprout seeds. with admixture gas Ar-O 2 was adopted for irradiation Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses were performed elucidate physical chemical state changes seed surfaces after treatment. reactive species produced in investigated using optical emission (OES) indicator (CI). results demonstrate that higher oxygen from LF-microwave compared conventional LF jet. Moreover, percentage shorter time obtained jet control group. It is considered are related seed.